Method for promoting eye health

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method for promoting eye health by administering to a companion animal a composition comprising at least one polyphenol selected from the group consisting of rosemary, rosemary extract, coffeic acid, coffee extract, turmeric extract, cucurmin, blueberry extract, grapeseed extract, rosemarinic acid, tea extract, and mixtures thereof.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/810,893, filed Jun. 7, 2007; which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/811,857, filed Jun. 8, 2006.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for promoting eye health in acompanion animal comprising: administering to a companion animal acomposition comprising at least one polyphenol selected from the groupconsisting of rosemary, rosemary extract, coffeic acid, coffee extract,turmeric extract, cucurmin, blueberry extract, grapeseed extract,rosemarinic acid, tea extract, and mixtures thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Vision loss in companion animals is often related to free radical damageto the companion animal lens and corneal epithelial cells, environmentalstress such as sunlight, and the normal stress associated with aging ofthe companion animal. A free radical is a highly reactive molecule thatbinds to and destroys body components. As a result of the companionanimal's eye reliance on light to function properly, the eyes areparticularly vulnerable to free radical attacks. While light aids acompanion animal on its ability to see, light also creates additionalfree radicals that enhance vision loss by promoting cell and membranedamage of the companion animal eyes.

Blue light (400-500 nm) of the visible spectrum has a relatively highenergy, can penetrate tissue(s) and has been shown to have a majorimpact on photoreceptor and retinal epithelial cell function, inducingphotochemical damage and apoptotic cell death. The blue light comes fromthe glaring snow or water reflex and can be a hazard to sporting,hunting, working, rescuing and fishing dogs. Exposure to visible bluelight causes an increase in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA lesionsand an increase in free radical production in retinal epithelial cells.Blue light induced free radical damage to the mitochondria can beblocked either by inhibiting the mitochondrial electron transport chainor by mitochondria-specific antioxidants.

Additionally, as the companion animal ages, free radicals participate inthe aging in the companion animal eye. Cataract formation which isthought to be triggered by the free radical stress on the companion eyeis primarily associated with advancing age of the companion animal.

There still exists a need for a composition that treats and aids inpromoting eye health of a companion animal.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide method ofimproving eye health in a companion animal comprising administering acomposition that prevents or treats environmental stress, prevents ortreats age associated stress, slows down cataract progression, improvesvision, and maintains younger eyes in the companion animal.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for promoting eye health in acompanion animal comprising: administering to a companion animal acomposition comprising at least one polyphenol selected from the groupconsisting of rosemary, rosemary extract, coffeic acid, coffee extract,turmeric extract, cucurmin, blueberry extract, grapeseed extract,rosemarinic acid, tea extract, and mixtures thereof.

The present invention is also directed to non-limiting methods ofpreparing the composition as described above.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The composition of the present invention comprises at least onepolyphenol selected from the group consisting of rosemarinic acid,rosemary extract, coffeic acid, coffee extract, turmeric extract,cucurmin, blueberry extract, grapeseed extract, rosemarinic acid, teaextract, and mixtures thereof.

These and other limitations of the compositions and methods of thepresent invention, as well as many of the optional ingredients suitablefor use herein, are described in detail hereinafter.

As used herein, the term “adapted for use” means that the compositiondescribed can meet the American Association of Feed Control Officials(AAFCO) safety requirements for providing animal food products for ananimal as may be amended from time to time.

As used herein, the term “companion animal” means an animal preferablyincluding (for example) dogs, cats, kitten, puppy, senior dog, seniorcat, adult dog, adult cat, horses, cows, pigs, rabbits, guinea pig,hamster, gerbil, ferret, horses, zoo mammals and the like. Dogs, cats,kitten, puppy, senior dog, senior cat, adult dog, adult cat areparticularly preferred.

As used herein, the term “Adult” or the like is a companion animal whichis from about 3 years old to about 6 years old. An adult dog is adomestic dog at the age of at least about 3; and an adult cat is adomestic cat at the age of at least about 3.

As used herein, the term “composition” means a composition that can beingested by a companion animal, supplements for a companion animal, petfood, dog food, cat food, treats, biscuits, raw hide, treats, chews,fillers, gravy, sauce, beverage, supplemental water, and combinationsthereof. The composition can be wet, moist, and/or dry.

The term “complete and nutritionally balanced” as used herein, unlessotherwise specified, refers to a composition having all known requirednutrients in proper amounts and proportions based upon therecommendation of recognized authorities in the field of animalnutrition.

As used herein, the term “kitten” refers to a domestic cat which isabout 3 years old or less, alternately about 2 years old or less,alternately about 1 year old or less.

As used herein, the term “polyphenol” means a group of plant chemicalsubstances, characterized by the presence of more than on phenol groupper molecule. The polyphenols can be responsible for the coloring oraroma of some plants. Polyphenols are powerful antioxidants withpotential health benefits including antiviral, antibacterial,anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, anti-aging (neurodegenerative)effects and combinations thereof.

As used herein, the term “puppy” refers to a domestic dog which is about3 years old or less, alternately about 2 years old or less, alternatelyabout 1 year old or less.

As used herein, the term “Senior” or the like is a companion animalwhich is considered middle-aged or older in accordance with standardscommonly utilized in the art, with the following proviso: a senior dogis a domestic dog at the age of at least about 6; and a senior cat is adomestic cat at the age of at least about 6. If the senior dog is alarge breed dog, meaning a dog weighing more than 50 pounds, the seniordog is a domestic dog at the age of at least about 5.

All percentages, parts and ratios as used herein are by weight of thetotal composition, unless otherwise specified. All such weights as theypertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level and,therefore do not include solvents or by-products that may be included incommercially available materials, unless otherwise specified.

The composition and methods of the present invention can comprise,consist of, or consist essentially of, the essential elements andlimitations of the invention described herein, as well as any additionalor optional ingredients, components, or limitations described herein orotherwise useful in compositions intended for companion animalconsumption.

Method

The present invention is a method for promoting eye health in acompanion animal comprising: administering to a companion animal acomposition comprising at least one polyphenol selected from the groupconsisting of rosemary, rosemary extract, coffeic acid, coffee extract,turmeric extract, cucurmin, blueberry extract, grapeseed extract,rosemarinic acid, tea extract, and mixtures thereof. Eye health caninclude preventing or treating environmental stress, preventing ortreating age associated stress, slow down cataract progression, improvevision, and maintain younger eyes in the companion animal.

Product Form

The compositions are adapted for use by companion animals. Thecomposition of the present invention is preferably administered topromote eye health. The composition of the present invention can be amoist composition (i.e. those having a total moisture content of fromabout 16% to 50%, by weight of the product), and/or a wet composition(i.e. those having a total moisture content of greater than 50%, byweight of the product), and/or dry composition (i.e. those having atotal moisture content of from about 0% to about 16%, by weight of theproduct). Unless otherwise described herein, wet composition, moistcomposition and/or dry composition are not limited by their compositionor method of preparation.

The composition herein can be complete and nutritionally balanced. Acomplete and nutritionally balanced animal food composition may becompounded to be fed as the sole ration and is capable of maintainingthe life and/or promote reproduction without any additional substancebeing consumed, except for water.

The composition and components of the present invention are selected forconsumption by an animal and are not intended for consumption by humans.Non-limiting examples of compositions include supplements for an animal,pet food, dog food, cat food, treats, biscuits, raw hide, treats, chews,fillers gravy, sauce, beverage, supplemental water, and combinationsthereof.

Additionally, administration in accordance with the present inventionmay be continuous or intermittent, depending, for example, upon therecipient's physiological condition, whether the purpose of theadministration is therapeutic or prophylactic, and other factors knownto skilled practitioners.

Polyphenol

The composition comprises at least one polyphenol. The polyphenol isselected from the group consisting of rosemary extract, rosemarinicacid, coffee extract, coffeic acid, turmeric extract, blueberry extract,grapeseed extract, tea extract, and mixtures thereof.

The composition comprising on a dry matter basis from about 0.01% ofsaid polyphenol to about 90% of said polyphenol, by weight of thecomposition. The composition comprising on a dry matter basis from about0.1% of said polyphenol to about 35% of said polyphenol, from about 1%of said polyphenol to about 15% of said polyphenol, from about 1% ofsaid polyphenol to about 10% of said polyphenol, from about 3% of saidpolyphenol to about 10% of said polyphenol, by weight of thecomposition.

The use of polyphenol has proved to be beneficial for promoting eyehealth of the companion animal. Polyphenols have antioxidants activityto prevent photo-oxidative stress or free radical damage to lenscellular DNA, protein and lipids and anti-inflammatory effect to protectthe lens from inflammation. Polyphenols have anti-hyperglycemic effectand will attenuate the eye lens damage associated with the diabeticcondition. In addition, polyphenols have protein or proteoglycan-bindingproperties to lower intraocular pressure and release eye discomfort.

Rosemary Extract

Rosemary extract is a polyphenol. Constituents of rosemary or rosemaryextract are coffeic acid and its derivatives such as rosemarinic acid.These compounds have antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect.Coffeic acids prevent posterior capsule opacification by suppressing thetransformation of the lens epithelial cells.

Nonlimiting sources of rosemary extract for use in the present inventionare rosemary.

When rosemary extract is present, the composition comprises on a drymatter basis from about 0.01% of said rosemary extract to about 90% ofsaid rosemary extract, by weight of the composition. The compositioncomprising on a dry matter basis from about 0.1% of said rosemaryextract to about 35% of said rosemary extract, from about 1% of saidrosemary extract to about 15% of said rosemary extract, from about 1% ofsaid rosemary extract to about 10% of said rosemary extract, from about3% of said rosemary extract to about 10% of said rosemary extract, byweight of the composition.

When rosemarinic acid is present, the composition comprises on a drymatter basis from about 0.01% of said rosemarinic acid to about 90% ofsaid rosemarinic acid, by weight of the composition. The compositioncomprising on a dry matter basis from about 0.1% of said rosemarinicacid to about 35% of said rosemarinic acid, from about 1% of saidrosemarinic acid to about 15% of said rosemarinic acid, from about 1% ofsaid rosmarinic acid to about 10% of said rosemarinic acid, from about3% of said rosemarinic acid to about 10% of said rosemarinic acid, byweight of the composition.

Coffee Extract

Coffee extract is a polyphenol. The main constituent of coffee extractis coffeic acid and is believed to display antioxidant activity and mayprevent or treat cataracts.

When coffee extract is present, the composition comprises on a drymatter basis from about 0.01% of said coffee extract to about 90% ofsaid coffee extract, by weight of the composition. The compositioncomprising on a dry matter basis from about 0.1% of said coffee extractto about 35% of said coffee extract, from about 1% of said coffeeextract to about 15% of said coffee extract, from about 1% of saidcoffee extract to about 10% of said coffee extract, from about 3% ofsaid coffee extract to about 10% of said coffee extract, by weight ofthe composition.

When coffee extract is present nonlimiting sources of coffee extractinclude coffee bean, coffee, coffee berry, coffee fruits. When coffeicacid is present nonlimiting sources of coffeic acid include tea,berries, coffee bean, coffee, coffee berry, coffee fruits, rosemaryextract, and/or grapes extract.

When coffeic acid is present, the composition comprises on a dry matterbasis from about 0.01% of said coffeic acid to about 90% of said coffeicacid, by weight of the composition. The composition comprising on a drymatter basis from about 0.1% of said coffeic acid to about 35% of saidcoffeic acid, from about 1% of said coffeic acid to about 15% of saidcoffeic acid, from about 1% of said coffeic acid to about 10% of saidcoffeic acid, from about 3% of said coffeic acid to about 10% of saidcoffeic acid, by weight of the composition.

Turmeric Extract

Turmeric extract is a polyphenol. Turmeric extract is a spice whichcomprises a main active compound that is curcumin. Curcumin is abioactive polyphenol plant pigment. It is believed that curcumin hasantioxidant activity by scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancingantioxidant enzyme GSH and GST activity and inhibiting lipid and proteinoxidation. Therefore, cucurmin prevents lipid peroxidation and proteinaggregation and provides a delay in the progression and maturation ofcataracts. In addition cucurmin can minimize osmotic stress associatedwith diabetic cataract.

Nonlimiting source of turmeric extract for use in the present inventionis tumeric.

When turmeric extract is present, the composition comprises on a drymatter basis from about 0.01% of said turmeric extract to about 90% ofsaid turmeric extract, by weight of the composition. The compositioncomprising on a dry matter basis from about 0.1% of said turmericextract to about 35% of said turmeric extract, from about 1% of saidturmeric extract to about 15% of said turmeric extract, from about 1% ofsaid turmeric extract to about 10% of said turmeric extract, from about3% of said turmeric extract to about 10% of said turmeric extract, byweight of the composition.

Blueberry Extract

Blueberry extract is a polyphenol. The blueberry extract is rich inanthocyanins which display antioxidant activity by quenching singletoxygen and therefore preventing the photo-oxidation of pigment.

Nonlimiting source of blueberry extract for use in the present inventionis blue berry.

When blueberry extract is present, the composition comprises on a drymatter basis from about 0.01% of said blueberry extract to about 90% ofsaid blueberry extract, by weight of the composition. The compositioncomprising on a dry matter basis from about 0.1% of said blueberryextract to about 35% of said blueberry extract, from about 1% of saidblueberry extract to about 15% of said blueberry extract, from about 1%of said blueberry extract to about 10% of said blueberry extract, fromabout 3% of said blueberry extract to about 10% of said blueberryextract, by weight of the composition.

Grapeseed Extract

Grapeseed extract is a polyphenol. The grape seed extract is rich inprocyanidins which display antioxidant activity. The grape seed extractcomprises about 38.5% procyanindins. Procyanidins and theirantioxidative metabolites help prevent the progression of cataractformation by their antioxidative action, such as preventing the lens andretinal microvasculature LDL oxidation. Procyanidins may also havevitamin E-sparing effect.

Nonlimiting source of grapeseed extract for use in the present inventionis grape seed.

When grapeseed extract is present, the composition comprises on a drymatter basis from about 0.01% of said grapeseed extract to about 90% ofsaid grapeseed extract, by weight of the composition. The compositioncomprising on a dry matter basis from about 0.1% of said grapeseedextract to about 35% of said grapeseed extract, from about 1% of saidgrapeseed extract to about 15% of said grapeseed extract, from about 1%of said grapeseed extract to about 10% of said grapeseed extract, fromabout 3% of said grapeseed extract to about 10% of said grapeseedextract, by weight of the composition.

Tea Extract

Tea extract is a polyphenol. The tea extract has antioxidant activity soas to quench reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, superoxideand hydroxyl radicals. This quenching prevents the oxidativecross-linking of test proteins and inhibit single strand breakage of DNAin whole cells; enhance antioxidant defense system by preservingantioxidant enzyme activity; inhibit lens epithelial cell proliferationby inducing apoptosis and improve glucose metabolisms.

Nonlimiting sources of tea extract for use in the present invention areblack tea, white tea, oolong tea, and/or green tea.

When tea extract is present, the composition comprises on a dry matterbasis from about 0.01% of said tea extract to about 90% of said teaextract, by weight of the composition. The composition comprising on adry matter basis from about 0.1% of said tea extract to about 35% ofsaid tea extract, from about 1% of said tea extract to about 15% of saidtea extract, from about 1% of said tea extract to about 10% of said teaextract, from about 3% of said tea extract to about 10% of said teaextract, by weight of the composition.

The polyphenol utilized in accordance with the present invention canadditionally be formulated as a pharmaceutical, and/or veterinarycomposition and administered to an animal in a variety of forms adaptedto a chosen route of administration, for example, orally, parenterally,intravenously, subcutaneously, and like routes. A preferred method ofadministration is oral administration.

Carotenoids

The composition of the present invention can comprise a carotenoid. A“carotenoid” is a class of pigments occurring in the tissues of higherplants, algae, bacteria and fungi. They are usually yellow to deep red,crystalline solids, soluble in fats and oils, insoluble in water,highmelting, stable to alkali, unstable to acids and oxidizing agents,their color is easily destroyed by hydrogenation or by oxidation, andsome are optically active. Carotenoids are natural pigments synthesizedby plants and microorganisms that are thought to function as lightabsorbing pigments during photosynthesis and to protect cells fromphotosensitization. Structurally, carotenoids consist of eightisoprenoid units joined so that their arrangement is reversed at thecenter of the molecule. Carotenoids have demonstrated biologicalactivities in addition to maintaining oxidative balance. Carotenoidstructure strongly affects the physical properties. chemical reactivityand biologic functions of these compounds. It has been suggested thatthe size, shape, hydrophobicity and polarity of individual carotenoidsmay dramatically affect the bioavailability, absorption, circulation,tissue and subcellular distribution and excretion in mammals.

When a carotenoid is present, the carotenoid is selected from the groupconsisting of lutein, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, bixin, lycopene, andmixtures thereof.

Lutein is an antioxidant, belonging to a class of lipid-solubleyellow-to-red pigments known as carotenoids. Lutein and zeaxanthin arestructural isomers of one another. Lutein can be extracted incrystalline form from marigolds. Dietary sources of lutein includemustard greens, spinach, kale, broccoli, leaf lettuce, green peas,brussel sprouts, corn, some squash and green beans. Lutein is powerfulantioxidant believed to protect the body and eyes from damaging freeradicals. It is the main carotenoid found in the retina of the eye, andmay be effective in the treatment of cataracts. It works extremely wellagainst sunlight damage, and Lutein may decrease the occurrence ofmacular degeneration by more than 50%. The composition of the presentinvention may comprise at least about 0.01% of lutein, by weight of thecomposition, from about 0.01% to about 20%, by weight of thecomposition, from about 0.05% to about 10%, by weight of thecomposition.

Zeaxanthin is an antioxidant, belonging to a class of lipid-solubleyellow-to-red pigments known as carotenoids. Zeaxanthin can be extractedin crystalline form from marigolds. Dietary sources of zeaxanthininclude mustard greens, spinach, kale, broccoli, leaf lettuce, greenpeas, brussel sprouts, corn, some squash and green beans. Zeaxanthin ispowerful antioxidant believed to protect the body and eyes from damagingfree radicals. The composition of the present invention may comprise atleast about 0.01% of zeaxanthin, by weight of the composition, fromabout 0.01% to 20.0%, by weight of the composition, from about 0.05% toabout 10%, by weight of the composition.

Astaxanthin can be provided as free astaxanthin or as astaxanthindiester. Naturally produced astaxanthin can be obtained from fungi,crustaceans, and algae, e.g., Haematococcus sp. (e.g., as described inU.S. Pat. No. 5,744,502). Astaxanthin is also produced by wild-type andgenetically engineered Pfaffia yeast, and is commercially available fromArcher Daniels Midland Co.; Aquasearch Inc.; AstaCarotene AB; CyanotechCorporation and Micro Gaia, Inc. Synthetically produced astaxanthin isalso commercially available from Hoffman-LaRoche, Ltd. The compositionof the present invention may comprise at least about 0.01% ofAstaxanthin, by weight of the composition, from about 0.01% to about 20%of Astaxanthin, by weight of the composition, from about 0.05% to about10% of Astaxanthin, by weight of the composition.

Bixin is naturally occurring carotenoid, found in the pulp of the B.orellana seed (also called annatto seed), used all over the world as ared-orange dye for coloring rice, cheeses, soft drinks, oil, butter,soup and cosmetics. As annatto extract, it is used as a color additivein food. Bixin can scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidative damageto DNA and lipid oxidation both in vitro and in vivo. Data also suggeststhat bixin has chemoprotective effect on colorectal cancer. Thecomposition of the present invention may comprise at least about 0.01%of bixin, by weight of the composition, from about 0.01% to about 20%,by weight of the composition, from about 0.05% to about 10%, by weightof the composition.

Lycopene is an open-chain unsaturated carotenoid that imparts red colorto tomatoes, guava, rosehip, watermelon and pink grapefruit. Lycopene isa proven antioxidant, which neutralize free radicals that may damage thebody's cells, thereby conferring protection against prostate cancer,breast cancer, atherosclerosis and associated coronary artery disease.It reduces LDL oxidation and helps reduce cholesterol levels in theblood. In addition, preliminary research suggests that lycopene mayreduce the risk of macular degenerative disease. The composition of thepresent invention may comprise at least about 0.01% of lycopene, byweight of the composition, from about 0.01% to about 20%, by weight ofthe composition, from about 0.05% to about 10%, by weight of thecomposition.

Amino Acids

The composition of the present invention can comprise an amino acid.Amino acids are the “building Blocks” of the body. Besides buildingcells and repairing tissue, they form antibodies to combat invadingbacteria & viruses; they are part of the enzyme & hormonal system; theybuild nucleoproteins (RNA & DNA); they carry oxygen throughout the bodyand participate in muscle activity. When protein is broken down bydigestion the result is 22 known amino acids. Eight are essential(cannot be manufactured by the body) the rest are non-essential (can bemanufactured by the body with proper nutrition).

When an amino acid is present, the amino acid is selected from the groupconsisting of Lysine, Taurine, Histidine, Carnosine, Alanine, Cysteine,and mixtures thereof.

L-lysine is an essential amino-acid that has been shown to significantlyreduce virus shedding in affected cats and decrease the duration offeline herpes virus-1 (FHV-1) infection, which is a very commoninfection in cats. FHV-1 is associated with many ocular diseases in catsincluding conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal ulceration, symblepharonformation, L-lysine suppresses FHV-1 replication by competing witharginine for incorporation into the viral genome. The composition of thepresent invention may comprise at least about 0.05% of Lysine, by weightof the composition, from about 0.05% to about 10% of Lysine, by weightof the composition, from about 1.5% to about 5% of Lysine, by weigh ofthe composition.

Taurine is an amino acid used as a building block of all the other aminoacids; it is found in the eye, heart muscle, white blood cells, skeletalmuscle, and central nervous system. Taurine and sulfur are considered tobe factors necessary for the control of many biochemical changes thattake place in the aging process; aids in the clearing of free radicalwastes. Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is essential tothe cat because a cat has a limited ability to synthesize it fromcysteine, which is a precursor amino acid in most animal species.Therefore cats have a nutritional requirement for taurine. Nutritionalretinal degeneration and feline central retinal degeneration areidentical and associated with taurine deficiency in cats. Taurinedeficiency affects the cones in the retina, which are most prominent inthe area centralis which is located dorsetemporal to the optic disc. Thecomposition of the present invention may comprise at least about 0.05%of Taurine, by weight of the composition, from about 0.05% to about 10%of Taurine, by weight of the composition, from about 0.1% to about 5% ofTaurine, by weight of the composition.

Histidine is found abundantly in hemoglobin. Histidine is a precursor ofhistamine, a compound released by immune system cells during an allergicreaction. Histidine is needed for growth and for the repair of tissue,as well as the maintenance of the myelin sheaths that act as protectorfor nerve cells. Histidine is further required for the manufacture ofboth red and white blood cells, and helps to protect the body fromdamage caused by radiation and in removing heavy metals from the body.The composition of the present invention may comprise at least about0.05% of Histidine, by weight of the composition, from about 0.05% toabout 10% of Histidine, by weight of the composition, from about 0.1% toabout 5% of Histidine, by weight of the composition.

Carnosine has excellent potential to act as a natural antioxidant withhydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen scavenging and lipid peroxidaseactivities. A striking effect of carnosine is its demonstrated abilityto prevent, or partially reverse, lens cataract. Carnosine protects thecrystalline lens from oxidative stress-induced damage. Used togetherwith vitamin E and other antioxidants, it has an optimum effect. It isbelieved that Carnosine may reduce the destruction of valuable proteinsand DNA by sugar molecules, a process known as glycosylation. Carnosinemay help prevent damage from glycosylation, ridding the system of anyabnormal substances and leaving it free to function optimally. Thecomposition of the present invention may comprise at least about 0.05%of Carnosine, by weight of the composition, from about 0.05% to about10% of Carnosine, by weight of the composition, from about 0.1% to about5% of Carnosine, by weight of the composition.

Alanine is a nonessential amino acid that can be manufactured by thecompanion animal from other sources as needed. Alanine is one of thesimplest of the amino acids and is involved in the energy-producingbreakdown of glucose. In conditions of sudden anaerobic energy need,when muscle proteins are broken down for energy, Alanine acts as acarrier molecule to take the nitrogen-containing amino group to theliver to be changed to the less toxic urea, thus preventing buildup oftoxic products in the muscle cells when extra energy is needed. Alanineis found in a wide variety of foods, but is particularly concentrated inmeats. The composition of the present invention may comprise at leastabout 0.05% of Alanine, by weight of the composition, from about 0.05%to about 10% of Alanine, by weight of the composition, from about 1% toabout 5% of Alanine, by weight of the composition.

Cysteine functions as an antioxidant and is a powerful aid to the bodyin protecting against radiation and pollution. It can help slow down theaging process, deactivate free radicals, neutralize toxins; aids inprotein synthesis and presents cellular change. The composition of thepresent invention may comprise at least about 0.05% of Cysteine, byweight of the composition, from about 0.05% to about 10% of Cysteine, byweight of the composition, from about 0.2% to about 5% of Cysteine, byweight of the composition.

Antioxidant

The composition of the present invention can comprise an antioxidant. Anantioxidant is an enzyme or other organic molecule that can counteractthe damaging effects of oxygen in tissues. Although the term technicallyapplies to molecules reacting with oxygen, it is often applied tomolecules that protect from any free radical. When an antioxidant ispresent, the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting ofVitamin E, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, CoQ10, and mixtures thereof.

Vitamin E is a lipid soluble compound and the most significantantioxidant activity of vitamin E is localized to cellular membranes.Vitamin E maintains oxidative balance by protecting cellular membranesfrom lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E is a lipid soluble antioxidant andprovides defenses against cellular oxidative damage. All vitamin E inthe companion animal is derived from the diet and includes multiplechemical forms. Major dietary sources of vitamin E are vegetable oils,margarine and shortening, with nuts, seeds, whole grains and wheat germproviding additional sources. “Vitamin E” includes eight differentchemical forms: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. The mostbiologically active form of vitamin E is alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E isimportant in dogs. Phospholipids are a significant structural componentof photoreceptors and normal shedding and phagocytosis by retinalpigment epithelium produces a peroxidized lipoprotein or lipofusin fromthe lysosomes in the cell. A deficiency in vitamin E may result inpathologic changes in the muscle, central nerve system, reproductivetract and retina. Ocular lesions such as cataracts, decreased vision toblindness and retinal degeneration occur with prolonged vitamin Edeficiency in dogs. Vitamin E supplement retards the intracellularaccumulation of oxidized lipoprotein or lipofusin pigment.

The composition of the present invention may comprise at least about0.01% of Vitamin E, by weight of the composition, from about 0.01% toabout 10% of Vitamin E, by weight of the composition, from about 0.2% toabout 5% of Vitamin E, by weight of the composition.

Vitamin C (as calcium ascorbate) is a water-soluble, found in aqueouscellular compartments and is a line of defense against direct freeradical exposure (e.g., radiation, sunlight). Vitamin C maintainsoxidative balance by effectively scavenging free radicals produced inthe aqueous cellular cytoplasm and by recycling (protecting) vitamin Ein cellular membranes. The preferred form of Vitamin C is as calciumascorbate. The chemical core of vitamin C is composed of a five-memberedlactone ring containing a bifunctionalene-diol group and an adjacentcarbonyl group. Ascorbate is highly soluble in water. The unusualchemical structure, thermodynamic redox potential and rapid reactionkinetics observed for ascorbate support its unique role as the terminalsmall molecule antioxidant in biological systems. Ascorbic acid (ASC)exists in three different redox states in biological systems: ASC,semidehydroascorbate (SDA), and dehydroascorbate (DHA). DHA is formed asthe result of two consecutive and reversible, one-electron oxidationprocesses. Because the unpaired electron is in a highly delocalized.pi.-system, the ascorbate radical is relatively unreactive. Thus, thethermodynamics and kinetics of ascorbate chemistry make ASC a superiorbiological donor antioxidant. SDA and DHA are recycled via reductionback to ascorbate by endogenous enzyme systems. It is believed thatascorbate enhances the antioxidant action of vitamin E by reducingreduction of the tocopheroxyl radical. The reactions between thetocopheroxyl radical and ascorbate provide a mechanism for exportingoxidative free radicals away from the cellular membranes. In essence,tocopherols protect membranes by stopping propagation reactions of lipidperoxy radicals and ascorbate acts by protecting the membrane againstpossible damage from the tocopheroxyl radical. Thus, ascorbate helps tomaintain oxidative balance by scavenging free radicals and recycling theuseful forms of other antioxidants, such as vitamin E.

The composition of the present invention may comprise at least about0.01% of Vitamin C, by weight of the composition, from about 0.01% toabout 10% of Vitamin C, by weight of the composition, from about 0.2% toabout 5% of Vitamin C, by weight of the composition.

Vitamin A and carotene can be obtained from either animal or vegetablesources. The animal form is divided between retinol and dehydroretinolwhereas the vegetable carotene can be split into four very potentgroups—alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, gamma-carotene andcrypto-carotene. Vitamin A is required for night vision. It assists theimmune system, and because of its antioxidant properties is great toprotect against pollution and other diseases. It is believed thatVitamin A helps slow aging. Vitamin A is required for development andmaintenance of the epithelial cells, in the mucus membranes, and yourskin, and is important in the formation of bone and teeth, storage offat and the synthesis of protein and glycogen.

The composition of the present invention may comprise at least about0.01% of Vitamin A, by weight of the composition, from about 0.01% toabout 10% of Vitamin A, by weight of the composition, from about 0.2% toabout 5% of Vitamin A, by weight of the composition.

Coenzyme Q10 is a powerful natural occurring compound, promotingchemical reactions, that aids in protecting the companion animal fromfree radicals, and is also called ubiquinone. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) isnaturally present in foods, and can be synthesized by the companionanimal from the amino acid tyrosine during a multistage (17 stages)process requiring eight vitamins and several trace elements. CoenzymeQ10 provides antioxidant qualities as well as the control it exerciseson the flow of oxygen within cells, assistance with cardiovascularfunctioning, the production of energy, assistance with absorption ofother nutrients as well as its immune boosting properties. Coenzyme Q10is the coenzyme for at least three mitochondrial enzymes as well asother enzymes in the cell. The mitochondrial function has played acentral role in age related macular degeneration

The composition of the present invention may comprise at least about0.01% of Coenzyme Q10, by weight of the composition, from about 0.01% toabout 10% of Coenzyme Q10, by weight of the composition, from about 0.2%to about 5% of Coenzyme Q10, by weight of the composition.

Compositions

It is anticipated that the polyphenol described in the present inventioncan be added to any composition adapted for administration to acompanion animal.

Typical formulae for compositions are well known in the art. In additionto proteinaceous and farinaceous materials, the compositions of theinvention generally may include vitamins, minerals, and other additivessuch as flavorings, preservatives, emulsifiers and humectants. Thenutritional balance, including the relative proportions of vitamins,minerals, protein, fat and carbohydrate, is determined according todietary standards known in the veterinary and nutritional art.

Nonlimiting examples of dry compositions may optionally contain on a drymatter basis, from about 1% to about 50% crude protein, from about 0.5%to about 25% crude fat, from about 1% to about 10% supplemental fiber,and from about 1% to about 30% moisture, all by weight of thecomposition. Alternatively, a dry composition may contain on a drymatter basis, from about 5% to about 35% crude protein, from about 5% toabout 25% crude fat, from about 2% to about 8% supplemental fiber, andfrom about 2% to about 20% moisture, all by weight of the composition.Alternatively, the dry composition contains on a dry matter basis, aminimum protein level of about from about 9.5% to about 22%, a minimumfat level of from about 8% to about 13%, a minimum moisture level offrom about 3% to about 8%, a minimum supplemental fiber level of fromabout 3% to about 7%, all by weight of the composition. The drycomposition may also have a minimum metabolizable energy level of about3.5 Kcal/g.

Nonlimiting examples of a moist composition may optionally contain on adry matter basis, from about 0.5% to about 50% crude protein, from about0.5% to about 25% crude fat, from about 0.5% to about 15% supplementalfiber, from about 30% to about 50% moisture, all by weight of thecomposition. Alternatively, the moist compositions may contain on a drymatter basis, from about 5% to about 35% crude protein, from about 5% toabout 25% crude fat, from about 1% to about 5% supplemental fiber, andfrom about 35% to about 45% moisture, all by weight of the composition.Alternatively, the moist composition may have on a dry mater basis, aminimum protein level of about from about 9.5% to about 22%, a minimumfat level of from about 8% to about 13%, a minimum moisture level ofabout 38% to about 42%, a minimum supplemental fiber level of from about2% to about 3%, all by weight of the composition. The moist compositionmay also have a minimum metabolizable energy level of about 3.5 Kcal/gand from about 0.1% to about 20% ash.

Nonlimiting examples of a wet composition may optionally contain on adry matter basis, from about 0.5% to about 50% crude protein, from about0.5% to about 25% crude fat, from about 0.01% to about 15% supplementalfiber, from about 50% to about 90% moisture, all by weight of thecomposition. Alternatively, the wet compositions may contain on a drymatter basis, from about 5% to about 35% crude protein, from about 5% toabout 25% crude fat, from about 0.05% to about 5% supplemental fiber,and from about 60% to about 85% moisture, all by weight of thecomposition. Alternatively, a wet composition may contain on a drymatter basis, a minimum protein level of about from about 9.5% to about22%, a minimum fat level of from about 8% to about 13%, a moisture levelof from about 65% to about 80%, a minimum supplemental fiber level offrom about 0.1% to about 3%, all by weight of the composition. The wetcomposition may also have a minimum metabolizable energy level of about1.0 Kcal/g and from about 0.1% to about 20% ash.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition is ancomposition, whether dry, moist, wet, or otherwise, that comprises on adry matter basis, from about 5% to about 50%, alternatively 20% to about50% of animal-derived ingredients, by weight of the composition.Non-limiting examples of animal-derived ingredients include chicken,beef, pork, lamb, turkey (or other animal) protein or fat, egg,fishmeal, and the like.

Where the composition is in the form of a gravy, the composition maycomprise at least 10% of a broth, or stock, non-limiting examples ofwhich include vegetable beef, chicken or ham stock. Typical gravycompositions may comprise on a dry matter basis, from about 0.5% toabout 5% crude protein, and from about 2% to about 5% crude fat.

Where the composition is in the form of a supplement composition such asbiscuits, chews, and other treats, the supplement may comprise, on a drymatter basis, from about 20% to about 60% protein, from about 22% toabout 40% protein, by weight of the supplement composition. As anotherexample, the supplement compositions may comprise, on a dry matterbasis, from about 5% to about 35% fat, or from about 10% to about 30%fat, by weight of the supplement composition.

Optional Ingredients

The composition of the present invention can further comprise a widerange of other optional ingredients.

Nonlimiting examples of additional components include animal protein,plant protein, farinaceous matter, vegetables, fruit, egg-basedmaterials, undenatured proteins, food grade polymeric adhesives, gels,polyols, starches, gums, flavorants, seasonings, salts, colorants,time-release compounds, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, prebiotics,probiotics, aroma modifiers, textured wheat protein, textured soyprotein, textured lupin protein, textured vegetable protein, breading,comminuted meat, flour, comminuted pasta, water, and combinationsthereof.

Nonlimiting examples of optional ingredients can include at least onevegetable. Nonlimiting examples of vegetables include carrots, peas,potatoes, cabbage, celery, beans, corn, tomatoes, broccoli, cauliflower,leeks and combinations thereof.

Also useful herein, as an optional ingredient, is a filler. The fillercan be a solid, a liquid or packed air. The filler can be reversible(for example thermo-reversible including gelatin) and/or irreversible(for example thermo-irreversible including egg white). Nonlimitingexamples of the filler include gravy, gel, jelly, aspic, sauce, water,air (for example including nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and atmosphericair), broth, and combinations thereof.

Nonlimiting examples of colorants include, but are not limited to,synthetic or natural colorants, and any combination thereof. Whenpresent the colorants are from about 0.0001% to about 5%, more fromabout 0.001% to about 1%, even more from about 0.005% to about 0.1%, ona dry matter basis, of said colorant.

Additionally, probiotic microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus orBifidobacterium species, for example, may be added to the composition orthe animal food compositions themselves.

Also useful herein, as an optional ingredient, is at least one fruit.Nonlimiting examples include tomatoes, apples, avocado, pears, peaches,cherries, apricots, plums, grapes, oranges, grapefruit, lemons, limes,cranberries, raspberries, blueberries, watermelon, cantaloupe,mushmellon, honeydew melon, strawberries, banana, and combinationsthereof.

The composition may contain other active agents such as long chain fattyacids and zinc. Suitable long chain fatty acids include alpha-linoleicacid, gamma linolenic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, anddocosahexanoic acid. Fish oils are a suitable source of eicosapentanoicacids (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA). The DHA level is at leastabout 0.05%, alternatively at least about 0.1%, alternatively at leastabout 0.15% of the animal food composition, all on a dry matter basis.The EPA level is at least about 0.05%, alternatively at least about0.1%, alternatively at least about 0.15% of the animal food composition,all on a dry matter basis.

The compositions of the present invention may further comprise a sourceof carbohydrate. Grains or cereals such as rice, corn, milo, sorghum,barley, wheat, and the like are illustrative sources.

The compositions may also contain other materials such as dried whey andother dairy by products.

Method of Manufacture

The composition of the present invention may be prepared by any known orotherwise effective technique, suitable for making and formulating thedesired composition. It is effective to manufacture the compositioncomprising the process of:

(a) receiving a commercially prepared or purchased polyphenol;

(b) combining by weight the polyphenol with additional ingredients;

(c) blending the polyphenaol with additional ingredients; and

(d) processing the polyphenol and additional ingredients to form acomposition.

The composition can be processed by a variety of well-known meansincluding steam tunnel, extrusion, freeze-texturization, baking,gelling, retort, microwave heating, ohmic heating, and combinationsthereof.

Total Moisture Content Method

The method involves the analysis of the total moisture content in thecomposition. The analysis is based on the procedure outlined in AOACmethod 930.15 and AACC method 44-19.

A composition sample is prepared by taking one unit volume, for example,375 gram of the composition, and homogenizing in a food processor to auniform consistency like a paste. A composition larger than 375 gramwould be subdivided to create equal and representative fractions of thewhole such that a 375 gram sample is obtained.

The paste of the composition is individually sampled in triplicate at avolume less than or equal to 100 ml and placed individually sealed in a100 ml Nasco Whirl-Pak® (Fort Atkinson, Wis. 53538-0901). During theprocess of sealing the Whirl-Pak®, excess air is evacuated manually fromthe container just prior to final closure thereby minimizing thecontainer headspace. The Whirl-Pak® is closed per manufacturer'sinstructions—tightly folding the bag over three (3) times and bendingthe tabs over 180 degrees.

All samples are refrigerated at 6° C. for less than 48 h prior tomoisture analysis.

For total moisture analysis, the tare weight of each moisture tin andlid are recorded to 0.0001 g. Moisture tins and lids are handled usingdry and clean forceps. Moisture tins and lids are held dry overdesiccant in a sealed desiccator. A Whirl-Pak® containing a sample isunfolded and a 2.0000+/−0.2000 gram sample is weighed into the uncoveredmoisture tin. The weight of the sample in the moisture tin is recorded.The lid is placed atop the moisture tin in an open position to allowmoisture loss but contain all other material during air oven drying. Thelid and moisture tin loaded with sample are placed in an air ovenoperating at 135° C. for 6 h. Time is tracked using a count-down timer.

After drying, the tin is removed from the oven and the dried lid isplaced atop the tin using forceps. The covered moisture tin with driedsample is placed immediately in a desiccator to cool. The sealeddesiccator is filled below the stage with active desiccant. Once cool toroom temperature, the covered moisture tin with dried sample is weighedto 0.0001 g and weight recorded. The total moisture content of eachsample is calculated using the following formula:Total Moisture Content (%)=100−(weight of tin, lid and sample afterdrying−empty tin and lid weight)×100/initial sample weight.

It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation giventhroughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation,as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein.Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specificationincludes every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numericallimitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range giventhroughout this specification includes every narrower numerical rangethat falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrowernumerical ranges were all expressly written herein.

All parts, ratios, and percentages herein, in the Specification,Examples, and Claims, are by weight and all numerical limits are usedwith the normal degree of accuracy afforded by the art, unless otherwisespecified.

EXAMPLES

The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodimentswithin the scope of the invention. The examples are given solely for thepurpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations ofthe present invention, as many variations thereof are possible withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. All of thefollowing examples are composition that are utilized by a companionanimal.

Examples 1-6

Dry compositions Percentage % on dry matter basis (w/w) Example ExampleExample Example Example Example Ingredient 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chicken products20 42 45 53 51 37 and meals Cereal grains 57.8 30.2 37.7 25.5 21.8 20Fat 2.6 5.8 7 6 6 7 Egg product 3.45 2 3 2 2 2 Vitamins 0.15 0.4 0.6 0.80.4 0.4 Minerals 0.15 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.6 Fiber 3 5.9 6 7.05 7 7Rosemary extract 0.0 0.01 0.1 1.0 10.0 25.0 Rosemarinic acid 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 1.0 Coffee extract 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Coffeic acid 0.0 0.00.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 Turmeric extract 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 Cucurmin 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.0 Blueberry extract 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Grapeseed extract 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Tea extract 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 Lutein 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.0 0.0 Lysine 2.5 2.5 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0Taurine 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

The dry compositions of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 can be made byfirst, milling and mixing the cereal grains with vitamins and mineralsand fiber sources and rosemary extract or rosemarinic acid or coffeeextract or coffeic acid or turmeric extract or cucurmin or blueberryextract or grapeseed extract or tea extract, lutein, lysine and taurine.Then, add the cereal grains to the meat products and other proteinsources. Extrude the ingredients into kibbles. Dry the kibbles. Packagethe finished product.

Examples 7-12

Wet compositions Percentage % on dry matter basis (w/w) Example ExampleExample Example Example Example Ingredient 7 8 9 10 11 12 Chickenproducts 75.2 18.5 34 54 41 2 and meals Cereal grains 4 19.4 17 19.6 8.71.5 Egg product 2.5 2 3 2 2 3.4 Vitamins 0.08 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.05Minerals 0.12 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.15 Fiber 3 6 4.9 0 2.5 0 Rosemaryextract 0.1 30.0 5.0 15.0 0.0 75.0 Rosemarinic acid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.1 Coffee extract 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Coffeic acid 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.00.0 0.0 Turmeric extract 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cucurmin 0.0 0.1 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 Blueberry extract 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 0.0 Grapeseed extract0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 Tea extract 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lutein 0.015.0 30.0 0.0 30.0 15.0 Lysine 0.0 2.5 0.0 2.5 0.0 2.5 Taurine 0.0 0.30.0 0.3 0.0 0.3

The wet compositions of Examples 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 can be made byfirst drying and milling cereal grains. Mix dried cereal grains,vitamins, minerals and fiber sources and rosemary extract or rosemarinicacid or coffee extract or coffeic acid or turmeric extract or cucurminor blueberry extract or grapeseed extract or tea extract, lutein, lysineand taurine. Blend dry ingredients with meat products and other proteinsources. The mixture is packaged into cans and cooked via retort processto provided finished product. For preformed pieces (chunks in gravy)mixture is extruded, passed through a steam tunnel for preconditioning,cut to desired shape, packaged with added water and retorted to providesafe finished product.

Examples 13-18

Moist compositions Percentage % on dry matter basis (w/w) ExampleExample Example Example Example Example Ingredient 13 14 15 16 17 18Poutry and fish 15 30 49 58 22 2.8 products Cereal grains 20 11.8 25 1024 3.1 Fat 2.6 6.8 5.5 2.9 6 2.5 Humectants 15 20 5 2 12 2 Vitamins 0.10.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.05 Minerals 0.1 0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.05 Fiber 4.4 3 5 2 57 Rosemary extract 0.00 0.5 2.5 5.0 25.0 75.0 Rosemarinic acid 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 Coffee extract 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Coffeic acid 0.00.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Turmeric extract 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 Cucurmin0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 Blueberry extract 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Grapeseed extract 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 Tea extract 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 Lutein 15.0 0.0 5.0 15.0 0.0 5.0 Lysine 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0Taurine 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

The moist compositions of Examples 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 can be madeby milling and mixing the cereal grains with vitamins and minerals andfiber sources and lutein, lysine, rosemary extract or rosemarinic acidor coffee extract or coffeic acid or turmeric extract or cucurmin orblueberry extract or grapeseed extract or tea extract, and taurine.Then, add the cereal grains to the meat products and other proteinsources with humectants to control water activity and mold. Extrude theingredients into desired shape. Package the finished product.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm”.

All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, inrelevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of anydocument is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior artwith respect to the present invention.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

1. A method for promoting eye health in an animal consisting essentiallyof administering therapeutically effective amounts of a compositionconsisting essentially of a tea extract selected from the groupconsisting of black tea, oolong tea, green tea and combinations thereof,lutein, lysine, and CoQ10.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein thecomposition is administered orally.
 3. The method of claim 2, whereinthe composition is an edible composition.
 4. The method of claim 3,wherein the tea extract is 0.01% to 90% of the edible composition byweight of the composition.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the teaextract is 3% to 10% of the edible composition by weight of thecomposition.
 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the lutein is 0.01% to20% of the edible composition by weight of the composition.
 7. Themethod of claim 6, wherein the lutein is 0.05% to 10% of the ediblecomposition by weight of the composition.
 8. The method of claim 3,wherein the lysine is 0.05% to 10% of the edible composition by weightof the composition.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the lysine is 1.5%to 5% of the edible composition by weight of the composition.
 10. Themethod of claim 3, wherein the CoQ10 is 0.01% to 10% of the ediblecomposition by weight of the composition.
 11. The method of claim 10,wherein the CoQ10 is 0.2% to 5% of the edible composition by weight ofthe composition.
 12. The method of claim 3, wherein the ediblecomposition is complete and nutritionally balanced.
 13. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the administration is parenteral, intravenous, orsubcutaneous.
 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the animal is acompanion animal.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the animal is adog, cat, or ferret.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the animal is apuppy.
 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the animal is a kitten. 18.The method of claim 15, wherein the animal is a senior animal.
 19. Themethod of claim 15, wherein the animal is an adult animal.